An experimental evaluation of rate-adaptive video players over HTTP

Adaptive (video) streaming over HTTP is gradually being adopted by content and network service providers, as it offers significant advantages in terms of both userperceived quality and resource utilization. In this paper, we first focus on the rateadaptation mechanisms of adaptive streaming and experimentally evaluate two major commercial players (Smooth Streaming and Netflix) and one open-source player (Adobe’s OSMF). We first examine how the previous three players react to persistent and short-term changes in the underlying network available bandwidth. Do they quickly converge to the maximum sustainable bitrate? We identify major differences between the three players and significant inefficiencies in each of them. We then propose a new adaptation algorithm, referred to as AdapTech Streaming, which aims to address the problems with the previous three players. In the second part of the paper, we consider the following two questions. First, what happens when two adaptive video players compete for available bandwidth in the bottleneck link? Can they share that resource in a stable and fair manner? And second, how does adaptive streaming perform with live content? Is the player able to sustain a short playback delay, keeping the viewing experience ‘‘live’’? & 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.